Tayar kenderaan

Ketahui binaan tayar

1. Tread strip
   Material: Rubber compound
   Function: The tread strip has to provide high wear resistance and good grip under all road conditions. In some instances the tread strip combines two different materials (cap and base); the base is there to minimise the tread temperature and the rolling resistance.
2. Multi-ply steel belt
   Material: Steel cords embedded in rubber compound
   Function: Enhances driving stability, reduces rolling resistance and gives the tyre its long service life. Restricts casing growth and increases the tyre's structural strength.
3. Fabric casing
   Material: Advanced fabric mesh
   Function: Gives the tyre its structural strength and its deflection characteristics; substantially determines driving comfort.
4. Inner lining
   Material: Rubber compound
   Function: Major factor in preventing diffusion of air and moisture in tubeless tyres.
5. Sidewall
   Materia: Rubber compound
   Function: Protects from lateral scuffing and the effects of the weather.
6. Bead reinforcement
   Material: Nylon, Aramid, Steel cord
   Function: Securing the end of the steel cord ply on the bead core. Reinforcing the bead against high shear forces.
7. Bead core
   Material: Steel wire embedded in rubber compound
   Function: Ensures the tyre sits firmly on the rim.

HOW TO READ A TYRE

TYRE DIMENSIONS

Treadwear
Treadwear is a measurement of tread durability. Tested against an industry standard, the assigned numerical grade indicates how well the tread lasts compared with a reference standard of 100. A treadwear rating 200 means the tread wears twice as well as the standard. Actual wear depends on the conditions under which the tire is used. Driving habits, service practices, differences in road surface and varying climates all affect treadwear.



Traction
Traction is a measurement of a tire's ability to stop on wet test surfaces of asphalt and concrete under controlled conditions. Traction grades are assigned by the UTQG system and branded on the sidewall. Traction grade is determined only for straight-ahead, wet braking on concrete and asphalt. It doesn't include cornering, which may also be an important customer performance need.

• Traction Grade A: The tire performed well on both surfaces.
• Traction Grade B: The tire performed well on at least one of the surfaces.
• Traction Grade C: The tire performed poorly on one or both of the surfaces.

Temperature Resistance
The UTQG also provides a measure of resistance to heat generation under normal operating conditions. The test is conducted under predetermined standards for inflation and loading. Excessive speed, underinflation and overloading can all cause adverse heat build-up. Sustained high temperatures can reduce tire durability. Resistance grades are branded on the sidewall.

• Resistance Grade A: The maximum performance level indicating the tire withstood a half-hour run at 115 mph without failing.
• Resistance Grade B: The tire passed 100 mph but not 115 mph.
• Resistance Grade C: The minimum performance level indicating that the tire failed to complete a half-hour at 100 mph.

Department of Transportation (DOT) Certification
"DOT" is branded on the tire's sidewall indicating the tire is certified by the Department of Transportation. Following the DOT branding is a serial number designating the tire manufacturer, manufacturing plant, tire size and date of manufacture. Federal law requires that tire dealers record the DOT identification numbers along with the tire buyer's name and address.




Additional Tire Labeling Conventions Mud and Snow Labeling
If a tire is rated for safe performance in mud and snow, it will be noted on the sidewall of the tire with either M/S, M+S or M&S. A tire is certified under the definitions set forth by the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA).




Tire Construction Labeling
Tread ply and sidewall ply information, including tire ply composition and materials used, must also be identified. An example would be: Tread: 2 Plies Rayon + 4 Plies Fiberglass Sidewall: 2 Plies Rayon

Aspect Ratio

Often referred to as the profile or series, the aspect ratio of a tire is determined by dividing a tire's section height by its section width when the tire is: Inflated to maximum air pressure, Mounted on the approved measuring rim, and Under no load.

The lower aspect ratio responds to lateral force more effectively than a tire with a higher aspect ratio.

The aspect ratio affects steering stability. Generally, the shorter the sidewall, or the lower the aspect ratio, the less time it takes to transmit the steering input from the wheel to the tread. The result is quicker steering response.

Aspect ratio also affects the tread contact patch. As a rule, a low profile tire produces a wider tread contact patch. This wider tread contact patch creates a stiffer footprint that reduces distortion and provides improved cornering traction. Aspect ratio also impacts ride. A low profile tire usually has a stiffer ride than the standard aspect ratio of 75 or more.



Manufacturing Date

This Tire has been made in Week 37 from year 2005.






Steps for Maintaining Proper Tire Condition
One of these tires is actually ten pounds underinflated. Your eyes can deceive you, so rely on a good tire gauge for an accurate reading.



Below chart shows you how underinflation can create an overload on tires. Always check your air pressure to make sure it’s up to standards, especially if you’re carrying extra weight.



Lower pressure increases heat. Infrared photography of tires tested at high speed. Damaging heat increases as inflation pressure drops.









Tire Rotation Reduces Irregular Wear
For maximum mileage, rotate your tires every 5,000 miles (8,000 KM). Follow the correct rotation patterns.



Tire Wear – Visual Check
Check for obvious signs of wear.

Conclusion:
Inflate – Check your tire pressure monthly.
Rotate – Rotate tires every 5,000 miles (8,000 KM)
Evaluate – Routinely look for signs of tread wear or damage.